Asking a Western doctor is about Chinese Medicine is like asking the English about the French. You’ll get an answer, but it may not mean anything.
So here is my explanation of how Chinese Medicine sees things in an effort to clarify their terminology.
First off, there are a couple of things to realize. Chinese words tend to have multiple meanings much beyond that of English words. That’s great for writing poetry, but in the West, we’re used to one word meaning pretty much one thing. That’s not so in Chinese. The meaning of a word is either determined by context, or by additional clarifying words. This is one of the big reasons for confusion between Western and Eastern practitioners: The same word means different things to each practice, so they’re actually talking about two completely different things. Further confusion comes about because Chinese medicine also uses organs to refer to location.
The Chinese talk about the 5 organs: Kidney, Liver, Lung, Spleen, Heart. So if you have heartburn due to digestive issues and you go to a Chinese doctor, he would diagnose the problem as relating to the spleen. To the Western doctor this makes no sense. Problems with your spleen don’t cause heartburn, the spleen is just this giant lymph node that lives near your stomach. The Chinese must be delusional.
Ah, but the Western word for spleen doesn’t have the same meaning as the Chinese word for spleen, because the word for spleen in chinese is also the same as the word for the entire digestive system. Translating that word as the english word “spleen” is really an error. “Stomach” would probably be a better translation, and “Digestive System” better still. So the Chinese doctor is saying “you have heartburn because you are having a problem with your digestive system”. Which is pretty much the same thing a Western doctor would say.
So to understand Chinese medicine, you first have to understand that the Chinese have a slightly different model of disease then the Western approach. In the Western model, each organ has a specific function that it does, and if you have a problem, it must relate to some organ not doing its job or some pathogen. There are hundreds of organs, glands, etc. throughout the body, each doing their specific job in the Western model.
The Chinese see no need to draw distinctions at that level. Instead, they group the organs into functional systems. The set or system is then named after the specific organ which they consider to be in charge of that function, or after the organ closest in location to where problems of that type manifest as pain.
While sometimes people consider that “holistic”, its not really, its merely a less reductionist model then Western medicine. So its not so much the fact that Eastern medicine treats the body as a whole, as much as they stop reducing the body into discrete pieces once they reach the system level. They’re also much more focused on how the patient describes they are feeling than in Western medicine which emphasizes what the doctor can observe. Since digestive problems often call stomach or abdominal pain, “spleen” ends up being a good name for a whole set of related heath issues.
Viewed from that perspective, the 5 “organs” of Chinese medicine make a certain amount of sense. Those are the 5 organs whose effect you can actually sense. You can’t ask someone how their adrenal glands are doing today, but you can ask them about their energy level, emotions and the location of any pain.
Given that additional information in Western terms, I can translate the chinese “organs” as follows:
Chinese Spleen (Stomach): Problems relating to the digestive system.
Chinese Liver: Problems with the blood. Since the Liver is responsible for filtering the bloodstream, any sort of poison would tend to annoy the liver, manifesting as pain on your right side. Hence, blood problems are considered liver disorders.
Chinese Lung: Really this is your entire immune system plus your lungs. Since we get colds more then anything else, any sort of immune system issue is considered a lung issue.
Chinese Kidney: The kidney in Chinese medicine relates to energy storage. If you consider that the adrenal glands live right above the kidney, and think about the sympathetic sytems of the body, you can see how this relates to that.
Chinese Heart: Pretty much literally the heart, but also, the heart is considered in charge of the other organs of the body. I’d translate this to being a combination of the parasympathetic systems of the body and the portion of the brain that regulates the body.
Is this model perfectly accurate? No. But it can be useful to think about the body in this way when relating to patients, because their description of their symptoms relate more closely to this model then the model of individual organ function.
Case in point: The other day my wife and I went to the doctor, and he was talking about how if you’re having gall bladder problems, that may lead to abdominal pain, and he didn’t see why because all the gall bladder did was collect bile salts for use in digesting fat.
That’s because he’s thinking in the reductionist Western model, where each organ does its job but doesn’t interact with any of the others. Excepts that’s not how the body works, the organs are constantly interacting. In Eastern terms, the gall bladder is part of the spleen system. So if its not functioning properly, then the other organs will have to work harder. Those organs might then complain, causing you abdominal pain. If you step back a level and restate the Eastern diagnosis in Western terms: “a problem with one part of the digestive system may manifest itself as pain with another part of the digestive system” you can see how reducing down to the organ level may not always be the appropriate model to use.
So there’s a place for both systems. I’ve found that Western medicine is much better at intervention, while Chinese medicine is better at long term issues. If you have pneumonia and you go to a Chinese practitioner, he would say you have a problem with Lung, in this case meaning both literally your lungs, and more generally your immune system. He’d be right in his way. Your lungs are having problems due to a pathogen, which if your immune system was stronger, it could throw off. So he might prescribe you some immune strengthening herbs, and weeks later, you’d feel better.
A Western doctor would blame the pathogen, and he’d be just as right in his way. So he’d prescribe you an antibiotic to kill the pathogen. You’d feel better in about a week, except then you’d have to suffer through the side effects of the antibiotic: digestive problems, lack of energy for months afterwards (antibiotics are somewhat poisonous, that’s how they work, by poisoning the bacteria).
So if you’re dying, a Western doctor could save your life. But if you keep getting chronic colds, a Chinese doctor could make you healthier.
Lately, I’ve been doing both. I go to the Western doctor for antibiotics, then I go to the Chinese doctor to help me recover from the antibiotics.